The Physicochemical and Technological Properties of Parboiled Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) (Bulgur) Varieties during Drying
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17860807Keywords:
Durum wheat, Parboiling, Drying, Quality, BulgurAbstract
The objective of this research was to assess the impact of drying temperature (50, 60, and 70 °C) and dryer type (natural convective air dryer, forced convective air dryer, and vacuum dryer) on various parameters including moisture content, ash content, thousand-kernel weight, hectoliter weight, hydration capacity, and the L*, a*, b* color values of different durum wheat varieties following parboiling and drying. Significant variations (P≤0.05) were noted among the unprocessed wheat varieties regarding moisture content, ash content, thousand-kernel weight, hectoliter weight, hydration capacity and L*, a*, b* color values. The moisture content of the wheat varieties increased to elevated levels during the parboiling (cooking) process due to moisture absorption. As the drying temperatures rose, the final moisture contents of all wheat samples diminished during the drying process across the three dryer types. The alterations in moisture contents of all wheat samples were found to be significantly different based on both the temperatures and the dryers used (P≤0.05). The most substantial reductions in moisture contents, thousand-kernel weight, Ash content and hectoliter weight of all wheat samples after 8 hours of drying at all temperatures were achieved through vacuum drying. The hydration capacity of all bulgur wheat varieties exhibited a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) with rising drying temperatures, particularly when dried using the forced convective air dryer and vacuum dryer. In terms of color analysis results for bulgur wheat, an examination of the effects of wheat varieties, drying methods, and temperatures on color values revealed a decrease in L* and a* values, alongside an increase in b* values with the elevation of drying temperature. Vacuum drying proved to be more effective than both the forced convective air dryer and the natural convective air dryer.
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